Post-Colonialism-Trying To Regain Individuality Essays -

Post-Colonialism-Trying to Regain Individuality Post-Colonialism-Trying to Regain Individuality Indeed, the stranger has unusual customs. The white man held the paper like a sacred thing. His hands shook, and we mistrusted him... For how many moons will the stranger be among us? (Vera 43) The stranger still lives among the people of Zimbabwe, though the colonial political authority has left. Yet I wonder if the town elder speaking in the above passage from Yvonne Vera's Nehanda would recognize current Zimbabwean authorities as strangers or countrymen. Could he relate to today's government officials and understand the languages which they speak? Would he feel at home in an African country with borders defined by European imperial powers without regard to the various ethnic nations involved? Post-colonial theory attempts to explain problems such as these, yet it does so almost exclusively in the languages of the European colonial powers. Europeans even created the word Africa. "To name the world is to 'understand' it, to know it and to have control over it" (Ashcroft 283). Because knowledge is power, and words, whether written or spoken, are the medium of exchange, using words incurs responsibility. One must use special care with broadly defined words and terms, such as post-colonial. Post-colonial literature describes a wide array of experiences set in the contexts of heterogeneous societies which themselves represent many different ethnic groups. Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin define post-colonial theory as discussion of "migration, slavery, suppression, resistance, representation, difference, race, gender, place, and responses to the influential master discourses of imperial Europe... and the fundamental experiences of speaking and writing by which all these come into being" (Ashcroft 2). The wide-ranging nature of the term post-colonial threatens to weaken its usefulness by "diffusion... so extreme that it is used to refer to not only vastly different but even opposed activities" (Ashcroft 2). Post-colonialism encompasses many of the issues encountered in the work we have discussed thus far in the semester. Yet because vague and generalized theories have limits and tend to oversimplify, clouding over real problems, one must handle the term with care. Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin suggest that we should restrict the term post-colonial to signify after colonialism. "All post-colonial societies are still subject in one way or another to overt or subtle forms of neo-colonial domination, and independence has not solved the problem" (Ashcroft 2). After colonialism, new elites, often in the form of dictators, frequently rose and still rise to power in post-colonial countries. In Chinua Achebe's Anthills of the Savannah, Ikem complains about countrymen worse than thieves, "leaders who openly looted our treasury, whose effrontery soiled our national soul" (Achebe 39). Ikem refers not to the white strangers but rather to Africans who have ruled with policies similar to those of colonial oppression. With the British empire gone, African societies must look inward to find remnants of colonialism which continue to harm their nations, and perhaps, find those which are advantageous in the new world they have been thrust into. Ikem's speech directed to all Nigerians rather than to any particular class pleads, "you must develop the habit of skepticism, not swallow every piece of superstition you are told by witch doctors and professors... When you rid yourself of these things your potentiality for assisting and directing this nation will be quadrupled" (Achebe 148). Part of the danger of the term post-colonial stems from people's disregard of their responsibility for their situation. As Ikem notes in his speech, people prefer to blame other groups, perhaps even post-colonialism, for their problems and rarely comprehend that only they can help themselves. Yet for people to act responsibly, they must first have a certain level of understanding of the situation which faces them. However, because colonialism and exposure to Western culture caused so many changes in African societies, people were thrust into new experiences which they could not comprehend with the guidance of the old traditions. In Ken Saro-Wiwa's Forest of Flowers, when a young man becomes dumbfounded after bringing home a man who he thought was a woman, people explain transvestites in the following manner. "One man said it was spirit, another said fairy and another ghost" (Saro-Wiwa 73). Resorting to old superstitious explanations of events makes it very difficult to understand real life situations and from thence, act responsibly in them. Too much has changed to simply revert to the old ways of life. New problems exist and will continue to do so unless one can learn to deal them in the modern context. Blaming post-colonial syndrome for the ills of developing countries sentences those countries to continue in their state of hardship. Rewinding the clock to prevent colonialism from

Siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War

Siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War The Siege of Paris was fought September 19, 1870 to January 28, 1871 and was a key battle of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). With the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870, French forces suffered a string of serious reverses at the hands of the Prussians. Following their decisive victory at the Battle of Sedan on September 1, the Prussians quickly advanced on Paris and encircled the city. Laying siege to city, the invaders were able to contain Paris garrison and defeated several attempted breakout attempts. Seeking to reach a decision, the Prussians began shelling the city in January 1871. Three days later the Paris surrendered. The Prussian triumph effectively ended the conflict and led to the unification of Germany. Background Following their triumph over the French at the Battle of Sedan on September 1, 1870, Prussian forces began marching on Paris. Moving swiftly, the Prussian 3rd Army along with the Army of Meuse encountered little resistance as they neared the city. Personally guided by King Wilhelm I and his chief of staff, Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke, Prussian troops began encircling the city. Within Paris, the citys governor, General Louis Jules Trochu, had massed around 400,000 soldiers, half of which were untested National Guardsmen. Count Helmuth von Moltke. Photograph Source: Public Domain As the pincers closed, a French force under General Joseph Vinoy attacked Crown Prince Fredericks troops south of the city at Villeneuve Saint Georges on September 17. Attempting to save a supply dump in the area, Vinoys men were driven back by massed artillery fire. The following day the railroad to Orleans was cut and Versailles occupied by the 3rd Army. By the 19th, the Prussians had completely encircled the city beginning the siege. In the Prussian headquarters a debate was had over how best to take the city. Siege of Paris Conflict: Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)Dates: September 19, 1870-January 28, 1871Armies Commanders:PrussiaField Marshal Helmuth von MoltkeField Marshal Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal240,000 menFranceGovernor Louis Jules TrochuGeneral Joseph Vinoyapprox. 200,000 regularsapprox. 200,000 militiaCasualties:Prussians: 24,000 dead and wounded, 146,000 captured, approximately 47,000 civilian casualtiesFrench: 12,000 killed and wounded The Siege Begins Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck argued in favor of immediately shelling the city into submission. This was countered by the sieges commander, Field Marshal Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal who believed shelling the city to be inhumane and against the rules of war. He also argued that a quick victory would lead to peace before the remaining French field armies could be destroyed. With these in place, it was likely that the war would be renewed in a short time. After hearing arguments from both sides, William elected to allow Blumenthal to proceed with the siege as planned. Within the city, Trochu remained on the defensive. Lacking faith in his National Guardsmen, he hoped that the Prussians would attack allowing his men to fight from within the citys defenses. As it quickly became apparent that the Prussians were not going to attempt to storm the city, Trochu was forced to reconsider his plans. On September 30, he ordered Vinoy to demonstrate and test the Prussian lines west of the city at Chevilly. Striking the Prussian VI Corps with 20,000 men, Vinoy was easily repulsed. Two weeks later, on October 13, another attack was made at Chà ¢tillon. St-Cloud after the fighting at Chà ¢tillon, October 1870. Public Domain   French Efforts to Break the Siege Though French troops succeeded in taking the town from the Bavarian II Corps, they were eventually driven back by Prussian artillery. On October 27, General Carey de Bellemare, commander of the fort at Saint Denis, attacked the town of Le Bourget. Though he had no orders from Trochu to move forward, his attack was successful and French troops occupied the town. Though it was of little value, Crown Prince Albert ordered it retaken and Prussian forces drove the French out on the 30th. With morale in Paris low and made worse by news of the French defeat at Metz, Trochu planned a large sortie for November 30. Consisting of 80,000 men, led by General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, the attack struck at Champigny, Creteil and Villiers. In the resulting Battle of Villiers, Ducrot succeeded in driving back the Prussians and taking Champigny and Creteil. Pressing across the Marne River towards Villiers, Ducrot was unable to breakthrough the last lines of Prussian defenses. Having suffered over 9,000 casualties, he was forced to withdraw to Paris by December 3. With food supplies low and communication with the outside world reduced to sending letters by balloon, Trochu planned a final breakout attempt. Prussian troops outside of Paris, 1870.   Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-H26707 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 The City Falls On January 19, 1871, a day after William had been crowned kaiser (emperor) at Versailles, Trochu assaulted the Prussian positions at Buzenval. Though Trochu took the village of St. Cloud, his supporting attacks failed, leaving his position isolated. At the end of the day Trochu was forced to fall back having taken 4,000 casualties. As a result of the failure, he resigned as governor and turned command over to Vinoy. Though they had contained the French, many in the Prussian high command were becoming impatient with the siege and the increasing duration of the war. With the war adversely affecting the Prussian economy and disease beginning to break out on the siege lines, William ordered that a solution be found. On January 25, he directed von Moltke to consult with Bismarck on all military operations. After doing so, Bismarck immediately ordered that Paris be shelled with the armys heavy Krupp siege guns. Following three days of bombardment, and with the citys population starving, Vinoy surrendered the city. Aftermath In the fighting for Paris, the French suffered 24,000 dead and wounded, 146,000 captured, as well as approximately 47,000 civilian casualties. Prussian losses were around 12,000 dead and wounded. The fall of Paris effectively ended the Franco-Prussian War as French forces were ordered to cease fighting following the citys surrender. The Government of National Defense signed the Treaty of Frankfurt on May 10, 1871, officially ending the war. The war itself had completed the unification of Germany and resulted in the transfer of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.

Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century Essay Example for Free (#18)

Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century Essay Learning is one of important processes in human being life. It is self-evident that human development cannot stand without a proper learning. Since Learning provides unlimited Benefits, people should learn and experience it. The Reading is being reimagined over the time period. I’ll discuss about it later in this section. There are several ways that promotes Learning such as Books, electronic books, Movies, Periodicals such as Magazine, journals or Newspapers and Audio/Visual clips. Nowadays Libraries plays a critical role on keeping the Books alive due to the invention Mass media communications. I’ll talk further about this later in this section. Let’s take a closer look about Books. The book is one of the valuable sources of knowledge that provided numerous benefits, such benefits are it takes us into different worlds and cultures and it helps to learn other languages as well. So, we can tell that a book can be a truthful friend which helps to learn how to behave in practical life. Books cover different genres such as Comedy, Drama, Romance, Adventure, fiction etc. Director General of UNESCO addressed 1972 as the â€Å"International Book Year† and taking â€Å"Booking for all† as their Motto. UNESCO organizes a yearly event called â€Å"World Book day or International Day of the book† on 23th April every year worldwide to promote Reading, Publishing and Copyright. So we can understand How Important it is Reading in a life of Mankind. It was first celebrated on 23th April 1995. Writing believed to be developed between the 7th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC in china. Ancient people used to write using stones but wood was the first medium to write in the actual form of Book. From time to Time, the new technology inventions played vital part in the World. The Cambridge University Press was founded in 1534 and the first book was printed in 1583. Also the first press was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts one of the North American British colonies in the year of Year 1639. Then first North American Public library was founded in Boston in the year of 1653. Eighteenth Century Americans were mainly interested in reading books about practical arts, religious and the politics as well. American does have a long tradition on reading habits since long back. Thus they are proved to be improved in vocal, public expressions both towards and against throughout reading skills. Novels are the entertaining seldom read by Americans in the 18th century. The nation’s first novel was published in the late 18th century. The first two novels to be published were Digges’ â€Å"Adventure of Alonso† and Brown’s â€Å"The power of Sympathy†. Women were also contributed to the success of Novels, Such writers were Susuana Rowson for her novel â€Å"Charlotte: A tale of truth†. This navel was re-issued under the title of Charlotte Temple, which sold more than million and half copies. The growth of novel reading grew rapidly towards the end of the year 1750. The main reason for the growth of novel readers was the rapid growth of the source of book materials such as book seller, public library and lending library. An average person was able to obtain their reading materials from booksellers, public libraries as well through lending libraries which were a cheaper option since they were able to rent the books for a small fee. Due to the vast number of readers between the year 1773 and 1798 the number of book trading companies as well as the number of public libraries grew rapidly at faster rate than the increasing population. While the population doubled in the period of 1790’s, the numbers of the circulating libraries were tripled. So in the late 18th century, the circulation libraries played a huge influence placing reading interest among the American public. Social libraries were able to expand their firms by joining the book selling companies and they were able to purchase and loan the books for a lower rate. By the year of 1790, books were the main source of entertainment, information and literature for an average person. According to the catalogues of the sellers, the percentage of fiction readers increased by nine percent between 1754 to 1765 and increased to thirteen percent between 1791 to 1800. Circulating Library catalogues contained fifty-eight percent fiction by the year of 1800 which was higher compared (twenty-eight percent) to the early 18th century. Though the books were little expensive at that period, the people were able to join in the circulating libraries for lower rate which is another proof that people were encouraged to read during this century. During the late 18th century, the book sellers showed interest requesting novels from their suppliers. As an example Robert Ben Winans (1975) states that â€Å"In 1801, a bookseller in North Carolina wrote to his supplier requesting that â€Å"Mr. Carey will be so obliging as to send as many of the Novels as he procure; it will be mutually our interest to keep a good collection, as the good folks her love light reading†. This letter accompanied an order called a -typical order of the period about 1800, which listed sixty-three books every one of them a novel†. (â€Å"The Growth of a Novel-Reading Public in Late-Eighteenth-Century America. Early American Literature. Vol. 9. No. 3 (Winter, 1975): 267-275. Print). This is a proof that tells the novels were read by rapidly growing people in the late 18th century. This period is described as Novel reading age. I strongly believe that books today have been replaced by other forms of mass communication such as Media, newspape r and magazine, Web. Though there were so many significant political, economic developments redesigned the new world, the dramatic and unprecedented centralization of the countries and their expansion, regulations and professionalization of the state forces are still appreciable. Every time a new invention strikes in mass communications, obviously the books had to compete with that invention. The first American newspaper called â€Å"Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick† published in early 18th century. During the early 18th century, the weekly Newspapers acted as the means of carrying of intercolonial news and also the newspapers carried war news at that period . So people were interested in reading newspapers than Books at that period. Then the industrial era started from the nineteenth century initially with the telegraph applications. The first African-American newspaper was published in 1827 called the Freedom’s Journal. Also this has been followed by the inventions such as magazines, telegraph, printers, phonograph, postal discounted rates, photographic films and radio were in particular. So the century that belongs to the industrial revolution start for the mass media that affected the books and readers. Since the radio, television and movie inventions in the early 1900s, the information had started passing through voice than text form. People started feeling that listening to audio is more comfortable than reading. In 1980, first online newspaper was published on web . From time moves on, the physical form of book transformed in intangible form of text due the new inventions in this world. During the late 1980s, Information has transformed to digitalized manner and the revolution of Computer started striking the world. People believed that physically storing information was not safe, so they started storing information in digital code. In 1985, Voyagar Company stored books in CD-ROM which was the first step to the era of eBook. From then onwards, the learning has come to digital manner. Then the biggest bang to the book sales was the invention of the World Wide Web in the year of 1991. Then the first online blog was published in the year of 1997. Due to high volume of readers, authors showed an interest in writing online blogs. Convergence of Media (Video and Audio) introduced in the later 1990s. For example:-We can see presidential debates live on YouTube. So the information can be stored as Video or audio forms as well than the text form. Google has announced the Google Library Project which is digitalization of books in 2005. Nowadays libraries are playing an important role in preserving the books for the next generation. It is self-evident that physically books can’t long last because of the material and size. It is good in a way that if we store information in digital code it can long last than physically storing in a book. This generation people show interest in reading/learning, just the sales of the eBooks readers, pdf readers are the proofs. If we look into Amazon. com, we can see tons of EBooks and they also sell books as well. If we want, we can download the eBook instantly or else we have to wait till they ship it. Though the form of text (book) has changed due to new inventions, but the rate of readers has increased in the world. Earlier we had only text form but now we do have text, audio and video form as well. Nowadays people look for a better ways. I would say storing an eBook is far more convenient than carrying a book (physical book). Though the new innovation impacted the sales of the books (physical form), it’s good for the next generation to preserve the valuable information. Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century. (2016, Nov 29). 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Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Identity Theft - Essay Example Identity theft victimizes nearly 10 million Americans each year and costs businesses and individuals an estimated $53 billion (Crosby, 2005). A person’s identity can be stolen either in the real world or in the digital world (online). Although many would believe the digital world is the most common place that a person’s identity is stolen this is not true. The most common place that a person’s identity is stolen is in the real world when their wallet, checkbook or credit card is lost or stolen. The internet always grabs the headlines, but it is individuals who are close to the victims, such as family and friends, that are doing most of the crimes (Lai, 2006). Social Security numbers are at the heart of the issue because it is our sole code for identity. It’s very easy to obtain Social Security numbers. Non-Social Security Administration uses of Social Security numbers have not been prohibited, so Social Security numbers are used as identification and account numbers by many entities (Walsh, 2004). Counterfeit Social Security numbers are on the rise because the Social Security number is the national identifier and it gives individuals a reason to use it for illegal purposes. Stolen Social Security numbers have been used to establish credit, gain employment, hide identity to commit crimes obtain benefits and services. Thieves will attempt to get information on their potential victims in many different ways. They may steal your bank statements or pre-approved credit card applications out of your mailbox or they may do what is known as dumpster diving which is when the thief will go throw your garbage to look for potential information with your identification on it. The most difficult type of identity theft is fraudulent accounts being opened in a person’s name. It takes an average of 152 days for victims to find out

Obesity epedemic in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Obesity epedemic in america - Essay Example The good part of this issue is that it can be dealt with and controlled. Increased awareness programs by the government along with better management skills and promotion of healthy programs by the media which support a healthy lifestyle can prove to be very beneficial for the people suffering from this condition. Understanding the causes of the disease and dealing with the issue by analyzing these causes can assist in treating this condition. Obesity Epidemic In America With the changes in the living styles of human beings many pathological conditions have emerged and they have become matters of global concern owing to the wide range of impact that they lay on the health of the individuals. Obesity is one such example of a global pathological problem which is now a subject of much concern. Obesity is basically a condition in which there is an increase in the amount of fats in the body of an individual. This condition serves as a base for many degenerative diseases and it serves to af fect the most important systems of the human body. It has now also been observed that this condition also lays an impact on the psychological condition of the person (Stanford Hospital and Clinics 2010). The great number of risks and problems associated with the condition have made it a topic of concern for the entire world. The alarming levels of the condition in the United States have served it to be labelled as an epidemic. ... Examination Survey, two third of the people who reside in the United States either suffer from increased weight or obesity with on an average of one third of the population suffering from obesity (Weight Control and Information Network 2010). Another very important finding in the country explores the fact that the vulnerability of the children becoming obese has also increased and the in the last three decades the rate of this condition has increased by more than thrice in the country. The intensity of the issue of childhood obesity can be analyzed by the fact that the issue has come to the notice of the first family and even they have called for efforts to fight against obesity (Laing 2010). Obesity is a disease state which was initially considered to have no genetic role in its causation. But recent research has put forward the fact that obesity is a disease state which has both genetic component and environmental factors involved in causing it. It is caused by the deletion or dama ge in a gene known as Ob gene putting the subjects with these deletions at high risks of developing obesity (NCBI 1998). The disease can also occur because of an energy imbalance that is excessive intake of energy with lesser utilization by means of physical activity. Thus the increases energy is stored in the body in the form of fat leading to obesity. A diet rich in fat can also lead to obesity because a high fat diet stimulates a person to eat more. Another important reason for obesity is psychological disorders which include depression, eating disorders like binge eating and increased diet in times of stress. Obesity itself can also serve as a reason because it might lead for a person to lose his self confidence and hence the person loses the will to exercise and adopt weight loss

Electromagnetic Bomb Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic Bomb Essay Have you ever been without electricity for more than an hour? One day? Three days? You never realize how much you value electricity until you are without it. As a society we depend on electricity to run everything from are refrigerator to our businesses to are motor vehicles. Technology is always progressing with new inventions; in the case of the electromagnetic bomb this is no different. The electromagnetic bomb or E-bomb is another form of a weapon of mass destruction. The E-bomb takes advantage of how we rely so heavily on electricity. It is designed to not just disable but destroy electronic devices by sending out an electromagnetic pulse or an EMP. An EMP is a burst of electromagnetic radiation from an explosion, the resulting electric and magnetic fields merge with electronic systems to produce catastrophic currents and voltage surges. An EMP is a form of electromagnetic induction as this is the production of voltage. If an E-bomb were to explode it alters the magnetic flux lines of the earth meaning the North won’t be as affected but the East, South and West will experience the eye of the blast if you will. This would mean thousands of volts of electromagnetic energy from the highest positives to the highest negative polarities transferred via air and power lines. This is an important weapon in have in a war as it can take out your opponent’s form of communication. This is a unique weapon of mass destruction because it does not directly take the lives of human beings, rather takes the things away that are essential for living. Even though the E-bomb is still considered to be in a research stage if it were to be paired with a relatively small nuclear warhead that exploded in the atmosphere it could send out enough power to wipe out power coast to coast in the United States. Like stated before even now this type of technology is still in a research phase but there is speculation that the USA used one during the 1991 Gulf War. In basic principles An E-bomb is as complex as a radio (which is not very). Electric current produces a magnetic field and changing a magnetic field can induce current. To give you an example a small radio transmission emits enough energy to send it to a receiver, what an E-bomb does is highly intensifies the current frying the semi conductor making it beyond repair. The E-bomb is considered a weapon of mass destruction, it does not kill humans directly but it causes drastic effects where it can destroy a society. An electromagnetic bomb acts in a finesse manner as other nuclear war heads bring the power. This technology is a dangerous power to have and needs to be exercised only in the most extreme circumstances, which there shouldn’t be as this world as a whole needs to strive for peace and leave the World Wars behind us. Let’s clear something up right now, this technology is simple by deadly and can destroy a countries foundation. Imagine if the USA had permanent power outage nationwide, what would that mean for the richest country in the world? What would that mean for the rest of the work that depends on trading the USA? When you take out a global player the United States it affects them in an enormous way but every other country and there are a lot of them are now affected in a social and economical manner. Many countries in the developing world depend on the aid that is provided to them by the United States. If such a disaster were to happen to the US they would not be in any position to provide this aid anymore. So many products are manufactured in the USA on a daily basis that is traded to so many other nations that depend on these products. It affects other countries that now have to provide aid to the United States for them to rebuild their nation. If this was to happen a stalk market crash will occur and here comes another ‘Great Depression’. Where ever an E-Bomb goes off it will completely wipe out the area’s economy as every electronic device would need to be replaced including all computer systems and motor vehicles. Think about how much data would be lost of a company like Microsoft or Apple was to completely lose their networks. It makes it very difficult to survive if there is no power to freeze and refrigerate and cook food or retrieve water. Think about how un-healthy it would be to have all the sewage back up and no where to put your garbage. The environment in the affected areas would take a drastic turn for the worse. Granted Nuclear warheads are deadly from the time they explode. An E-bomb will keep the buildings standing but no power to run them. An E-bomb is slow painful death rather then a quick blast you are dead.

Physics of a Plane Crash :: physics airplane landing land

There is an old saying that any landing you can walk away from is a good landing. There is a lot of truth to this statement, especially if you are the one walking away. Here are the stories of two such landings that I am personally familiar with. Since they are both very similar in nature, they will be discussed simultaneously in the pages to follow. N9KF was a Model 1 Kitfox. It was built and flown by my father. The Kitfox is an experimental, homebuilt kit plane. Every plane, like every person, has a story. This is the story of N9KF or at least the story as I know it. NEWTON'S LAWS - A Brief Review Newton's First Law An object remains at rest/motion unless an external force acts upon it.(Newman) Newton's Second Law The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely proportional to its mass. (F=ma)(Newman) Newton's Third Law For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.(Newman) Forces of Flight LIFT Lift is generated by the air flow around the plane's wing. This effect is explained mostly by Bernoulli's Principle which states that the pressure of the air decreases as the velocity of the air increases. The design of a plane's wing changes the airflow around the wing's surface. The air has farther to travel over the top of the wing than the air traveling below the wing. Therefore, the air traveling above the wing is traveling at a higher velocity than the air traveling below it. As air flows around the wing, a high pressure region with low air velocity is created below the wing, and a low pressure region with high air velocity is created above the wing. The difference between the two pressures generates the lift force. (JEPPESEN 1-11) Newton's third law, stated above, explains how the remaining lift force is produced. Lift is generated when the air hits and is deflected off of the underside of the wing. This deflection of air downwards, in turn, causes an upward lift force on the wing since there must be an "equal and opposite reaction force."(Newman) This force accounts for a relatively small portion of the total lift generated for a wing.(JEPPESEN 1-13) WEIGHT Weight is one of the opposing forces to lift. From Newton's second law, the weight of an object is the magnitude of the force of gravity on that object.

Bc607- Assignment 1.1: Dialogue 1 Essay

I conducted a brief analysis on Kraft Foods and Hansen’s Natural, to compare and evaluate the ways in which the concept of globalization has made an impact in their individual tactics globally. Kraft Foods and Hansen’s Natural are two similar corporations with dissimilar ways of operations. They operate differently in structure, accessibility, size, strategy, and international marketing. They both share the similarity of working in the food industry. Hansen’s goods are not as broad as Kraft Food’s. Their products are restricted to the beverage sector, while Kraft Food’s products are featured in both beverages and food sectors. Therefore, Hansen’s has not been as dominant as Kraft Foods internationally. Kraft Foods is a renowned American confectionery, food and beverage, independent public company. It markets many brands in more than 155 countries where 40 of the brands are at least a century old and 12 of the brands, annually, profit over a billion dollars worldwide. Kraft Foods employs 140,000 diverse employees; conversely their website depicts the notion of their inspiration to be the consumer. Their website states â€Å"Consumers Inspire Us. † The company upholds a solid market position in the United States while simultaneously making lucrative strides in Europe. Due to the fact that Kraft Foods has 49% of its market share in North America and the remaining 51% in Europe and other areas, they are able to use such diversity to their advantage. Kraft advertises as an international company and has websites in various languages to compensate an extensive selection of market, while keeping everything is simple. They employ the internet to persistently use online surveys and other PR approaches for public feedback analysis to further identify consumer concerns in regards to foods and beverages. Kraft Foods is a leader in viable expansion as they endorse sustainable farm work on ecological policy, environmental change and animal well-being. In recent news, I read that Kraft is talking with Apple regarding an application on the I-Phone, which provides digital assistance from Kraft so that, while grocery shopping, customers can access recipes that list necessary ingredients from Kraft as well as other great food ideas. The I-Phone is enormous globally, so this alone has put Kraft even further ahead of their competition. Kraft even has implemented its on system of checks and balances for quality control which can differ from one country to another for everything such as tastes, textures, elements, and nutrients but overall quality is standardized. Hansen’s Natural Inc. was established in Southern California in 1985. The mission of Hansen Beverage Company is to satisfy consumers’ needs for superior quality and great tasting, healthy, natural and functional beverages. Hansen’s is known for their various alliances with Coca Cola and Anheiser Bush has landed their company’s global distribution into Canada, Mexico, and Western Europe. Hansen’s relies on its partnership with the distributors to deal with globalization for their company. Till present day, Hansen’s Natural is a local company. They don’t actively participate in global enhancing projects and they are slightly involved in global marketing and world trade; however the company strives towards constant development and growth. Hansen’s Natural has modified their natural products to many other types of drinks, including the energy drink, â€Å"Monster. † Awkwardly, the energy drinks are questionable as a â€Å"natural† product. Hansen’s edge through focusing within the specific market of beverages gives them a more concentrated and direct method to servicing the world. This enables their buyers to find them through increased activity in the extreme sports world. Hansen’s Natural’s launch of the energy drink, Monster has helped boost their company sales globally. In conclusion, it is clear that when comparing globalization within small and large corporations the one major difference between the two corporate philosophies is specialization vs. broad range appeal. Kraft Foods & Hansen’s both appear to encourage and place emphasis on their relationship with their consumers. It is significant that both companies are successful globally because of their status as a small or large company. Both companies are successful in how they progress with technology advancing while never overlooking the consumer. Hence each company is raising the opinion that their corporate culture is driven by the customer need wherever they conduct their business. In reference to the globalization theory, Hansen’s Natural has prospered in marketing its products in the global market because they don’t have a great deal of socio-economic or political resources. In reference to the globalization theory Kraft uses viable development to assist in shaping its complete affiliation to the global market.

Military Leadership

The American Revolution comprised mainly of land based forces in the form of army battalions. Because of the early creations of ammunition, the armies are the only available units in the war. Since this conflict primarily involved the intention of independence, it was a very brute event for the commanders of both sides. Christian men are the most proliferated individuals in this war. Interestingly, the American Revolution had a great influence on liberal thought throughout Europe (American Revolution, 2006). On the other hand, the American civil war was a major war between the forces of the same constituents of a nation. However, because of the relative differences in ideology, the war became inevitable and eventually came into reality. The military people in the American civil war may be perceived to have a balanced approach towards victory. Because of the relative smaller scope, the commanding forces of the army may have been somehow reluctant to fight their own citizen domains. They were very prone to social trauma considering that they live in the same national domain with just a little misunderstanding of idealism approaches. It would have been very hard for the army to fight for both sides since they belong to a single line of citizenship. The most explicit factor in the procedure of this war was the collaboration of slaves and the fighting units until the end of the event. Emancipated slaves fought in several key battles in the last two years of the war (wikipedia, 2007). The military personnel still has the concentration of American males with religious affiliations of Christian origin. This made the war very traumatic for both parties. On the event of the Indian wars, the army still had the opportunity to disclose its might. Although naval and air forces are not very significant during this period war, the relative intensity on the part of the army still focused on the aproach to dislodge what native americans were fighting for. The concentration of Native American and English lineages was the main component of the war. Men were still the most active participants in the war while some females of both social parties were engaged in post war operations. The relative differences in racial characteristics of both sides was the aggravating factor that lead to various levels of fight setbacks. The armies of both sides were willing to win against each other. As with the whole population of the American army, most Americans viewed the Indians as incorrigible and non-reformable savages. Those closest to the warring factions or who were threaten by it, naturally wanted government protection at any cost (Davis, 1999). For World War I, the overall capacity of the army, the navy and the availability of the air force, has dramatically changed the way war is staged. For the army, it was during this time that the physical participation of units is reduced because of advanced weapons and guns. For the navy, a greater scope of challenges was encountered due the international scope of the war. The naval forces played a great role in weakening the offenses of the enemy before letting the army proceed with the fight. On the other hand, the air force became a significant penetration unit to dislocate the stable forces of the enemy nation by targeting its internal strengths. Men are still the main forces in these three force units. However, women participation was very visible in the form of service units. Health care and rehabilitation are the main tasks for women involved in World War I. The religious affiliations were significant factors in this war because of the global scope of the conflict. References: American Revolution. 2006. Complete History-Aftermath. American Revolution. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.americanrevolution.com/. Davis, S. 1999. Buffalo Soldiers and Indian Wars. Buffalosoldiers. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.buffalosoldier.net/. Wikipedia. 2007. American Civi War. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Military_factors. Â  

Lepenski Vir - Mesolithic Village in the Republic of Serbia

Lepenski Vir - Mesolithic Village in the Republic of Serbia Lepenski Vir is a series of Mesolithic villages located on a high sandy terrace of the Danube River, on the Serbian bank of the Iron Gates Gorge  of the Danube river. This site was the location of at least six village occupations, beginning about 6400 BC, and ending about 4900 BC. Three phases are seen at Lepenski Vir; the first two are whats left of a complex foraging society; and Phase III represents a farming community. Life in Lepenski Vir Houses in Lepenski Vir, throughout the 800-year-long Phase I and II occupations, are laid out in a strict parallelepiped plan, and each village, each collection of houses is arranged in a fan shape across the face of the sandy terrace. The wooden houses were floored with sandstone, often covered with a hardened limestone plaster and sometimes burnished with red and white pigments. A hearth, often found with evidence of a fish-roasting spit, was placed centrally within each structure. Several of the houses held altars and sculptures, sculpted out of the sandstone rock. Evidence seems to indicate that the last function of the houses at Lepenski Vir was as a burial site for a single individual. Its clear that the Danube flooded the site regularly, perhaps as much as twice a year, making permanent residence impossible; but that residence resumed after the floods is certain. Many of the stone sculptures are monumental in size; some, found in front of houses at Lepenski Vir, are quite distinctive, combining human and fish characteristics. Other artifacts found in and around the site include a vast array of decorated and undecorated artifacts, such as miniature stone axes and figurines, with lesser amounts of bone and shell. Lepenski Vir and Farming Communities At the same time as foragers and fishers lived at Lepenski Vir, early farming communities sprang up around it, known as the Starcevo-Cris culture, who exchanged pottery and food with the inhabitants of Lepenski Vir. Researchers believe that over time Lepenski Vir evolved from a small foraging settlement to the ritual center for the farming communities in the areainto a place where the past was revered and the old ways followed. The geography of Lepenski Vir may have played an enormous part in the ritual significance of the village. Across the Danube from the site is the trapezoidal mountain Treskavek, whose shape is repeated in the floor plans of the houses; and in the Danube in front of the site is a large whirlpool, the image of which is repeatedly carved into many of the stone sculptures. Like Catal Hoyuk in Turkey, which is dated to roughly the same period, the site of Lepenski Vir provides us with a glimpse into Mesolithic culture and society, into ritual patterns and gender relationships, into the transformation of foraging societies into agricultural societies, and into resistance to that change. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to the European Mesolithic, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Bonsall C, Cook GT, Hedges REM, Higham TFG, Pickard C, and Radovanovic I. 2004. Radiocarbon and stable isotope evidence of dietary change from the Mesolithic to the Middle Ages in the Iron Gates: New results from Lepenski Vir. Radiocarbon 46(1):293-300. Boric D. 2005. Body Metamorphosis and Animality: Volatile Bodies and Boulder Artworks from Lepenski Vir. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15(1):35-69. Boric D, and Miracle P. 2005. Mesolithic and Neolithic (dis)continuities in the Danube Gorges: New AMS dates from Padina and Hajducka vodenica (Serbia). Oxford Journal of Archaeology 23(4):341-371. Chapman J. 2000. Lepenski Vir, in Fragmentation in Archaeology, pp. 194-203. Routledge, London. Handsman RG. 1991. Whose art was found at Lepenski Vir? Gender relations and power in archaeology. In: Gero JM, and Conkey MW, editors. Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p 329-365. Marciniak A. 2008. Europe, Central and Eastern. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1199-1210.

Strategic thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic thinking - Assignment Example 13-14). Strategy formulation depends on the management’s ability & organizations resources. These are the predictable issues which can be answered by forming brilliant strategies. But we should also keep a provision for the uncertainties of the environment. These uncertainties can destroy any good enterprise if the provision to face them is not properly & timely created. Thus strategic thinking and general management offers a framework to the organization towards planning its course of action and it involves a great amount of risk. For making the appropriate plan and to eliminate the possible uncertainties from the organization’s operations a manager often takes up the role of a leader who guides, instructs and motivates his followers and work together towards achieving the firm’s objectives. Introduction and Overview The present topic deals with a great leader who managed to influenced many and is known as a successful leader throughout the world. Counted among the great names like Gautama Buddha, Prophet Mohammad, and Jesus Christ, Mahatma Gandhi is considered to be a legend, one of the greatest spiritual and political leaders of all times. Hailed as the ‘father of the nation’, he was the pioneer of the non violent movement also called the ‘Satyagraha’ against the British tyranny in India in order to bring about a social change. The policy of non violence was not just a political strategy, but it was based in spirituality because of which Mahatma Gandhi became a name to be reckoned with not only in his own country but throughout the world (Hatt, 2002). His legacy includes a brilliantly organized struggle against racism in South Africa, active contribution in the freedom struggle of his own country and using his policy of non violence in order to bring about a positive change in the society. The word â€Å"Mahatma† means great soul and great leaders of the world like Nelson Mandela and Marin Luther King Jr have called Mahatma Gandhi an inspiration, a motivation in their struggle for fighting for the rights and equality for the people. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr had said about him â€Å"Christ gave us the goals and Mahatma Gandhi the tactics†. Background and Personal life Mohandas Karam chand Gandhi was born to a Hindu family in a small town called Porbandar in the state of Gujarat on October 2nd 1896.He was the youngest son of Karamchand Gandhi and Putli bai. His father was the advisor to the local ruler of the three native states of Kathiawar. He was always known for his loyalty and steadfastness. From his early childhood he was deeply influenced by his mother who was the embodiment of a traditional Indian woman. She was a devoted wife and mother along with being austere and pious. Her qualities had made a deep impression in the young Gandhi. He was also influenced by the life Kind Harish chandra, his sufferings, his loyalty, his devotion towards truth. As a boy he had aspired to become like the great King. In his later stage of life he was also impressed by visionaries like Ruskin and Tolstoy. Gandhi had completed his schooling from Albert high school located in the nearby town of Rajkot. His school he was average and showed no brilliance. He was not into games and also a loner. He however showed deep respect for his teachers. From his early childhood Gandhi was bent on the spiritual side of existence. Little incidents like

Information sensitivity and protection of data Essay

Information sensitivity and protection of data - Essay Example It is important because organizations’ policies in some ways reflect the underlying culture and values. Modern organizations instill performance and cultural values such as mutual trust and confidence as an integrative mechanism (Fairholm & Fairholm, 2008: pp.103-104) rather than exercising sheer authority and control (Masters, 2005: p. 271). Mayo Foundation (referred to as Mayo in rest of paper) outlines a guidance oriented policy. In contrast to Mayo, Beth Israel Deaconess (referred to as Beth Israel in rest of paper) has a strongly authoritative tone in outlining its policy with strong worded phrases such as â€Å"Users have no expectation of personal privacy of any kind related to their use† compared with â€Å"contents will not be monitored, observed, viewed, displayed or reproduced in any form by anyone other than the sender or recipient unless specifically authorized by an officer† in Mayo for the same purpose. Georgetown University (referred to as Georget own in rest of paper), on the other hand, presents a matter-of-factly and exhaustive policy covering several aspects of security separately. Amongst the three policies, Mayo was found to be the most well structured and easier to follow with cross referencing links leading to further details, such as local implementations or human resource policies, for specific areas where needed. Some of the common themes followed in each policy are confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. These themes are also recognized by NIST as foundations for an information security policy (Ross et al, 2007: p. 4). At a specific level, prudent use of resources, data access control and physical security are found common in all three policies. While these themes are covered in each document, the way they are implemented and enforced is different. For example, in terms of confidentiality, Mayo clearly and concisely describes how information is to be accessible to authorized personnel at authorized